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Significance Of Antenna In Communication System

An antenna plays a vital role in a communication system. It is used in both the transmission and reception of radio frequency signals. In fact, an antenna is a structure that is capable of radiating electromagnetic waves or receiving them, as the case may be. 
Basically, an antenna is generally a metallic object , often a wire or collection of wires, used to convert high frequency current into electromagnetic waves and vice versa. Thus, a transmitting antenna converts electrical energy into electronagnetic waves, whereas a receiving antenna converts electromagnetic waves into electrical energy. Apart from their different functions, transmitting and receiving antennas behave identically i.e. their behaviour is reciprocal.
When a transmitting antenna is held vertically, the electromagnetic waves produced are polarised vertically. When the same antenna is held horizontally, the em waves produced are polarisef horizontally.
The design of an antenna depends on frequency of carrier wave and directivity of the bean etc. Two common types of anteena are:
1. Dipole antenna: It is used in transmission of radio waves. It is Omni directional. 
2. Dish type antenna: It is a directional anteena. The dish type antenna can transmit waves in a particular direction. Also, it can receive only those waves which are directed towards it. For transmission, the signal is fed to the active element, which directs it on to the reflector. The signal is tgwn transmitted in the form of parallel beam. The dish type antenna are used commonly in radar and satellite communication. 

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